Abstract: Endophthalmitis is a serious disease causing blind, once it happens, acute loss of vision, even eyeball atrophy would occur. Macrophage is the central mechanism of the inflammation, and inflammasome is an important component of macrophages involved in the immune response. Since macrophages play a key role in the induced regulation of non\|specific immune responses, it will benefit to the diagnosis and treatment of the catastrophic diseases when the anti\|infection immune mechanisms of macrophages becomes clear in the very early stage of endophthalmitis.   (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2015, 39： 124-129)